Gender Issues in the Afghan National Police (ANP)

The international community (NATO, donor nations, United Nations, etc.) has been pushing the Afghan government and senior officers at the Ministry of Defense (MoD) and Ministry of Interior (MoI) to recruit and integrate females into the army and the police. These efforts have not attained the results desired and much work needs to be done to realize the 'quotas' established by the international community. For their part, Afghan senior military and police members have a cultural aversion to women serving - although their 'spokesmen' say all the right things for international community consumption. The Afghan National Police (ANP) is doing much better in this regard than the Afghan National Army (ANA). (photo credit: Resolute Support HQs, 14 Nov 2016, 4 ANP female officers at graduation from C-IED course).

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Commentary

Counter-IED Capabilities Need Investments. Over the last few years the U.S. military has attempted, unsuccessfully, to put Afghanistan and Iraq (and things like COIN, C-IED, JIEDDO, etc.) into the rear view mirror. Unfortunately conflicts like these will continue to pop up over the horizon and the use of IEDs by the combatants that we will oppose will stay just as prevalent as they were on the roads of Iraq and Afghanistan. Read more in "Growing Terrorist Threat Requires New U.S. Investments in Counter-IED Capabilities", by Daniel Goure, Real Clear Defense, November 30, 2015.

Deobandi Islam, Pashtunwali, and the Taliban. "The Taliban are arguably more powerful now than at any point since they were ousted in 2001." This power comes not just from the support the Pakistan state provides but from the civilian population of Afghanistan tired of an ineffective and corrupt national government. The Taliban's more moderate approach and ". . . increasingly resurgent narrative of stability through reverting to Afghanistan's past . . . " is generating ever-growing support from the rural Afghan population. Peter Storey provides us with his view of the Taliban in "The Roots of the Taliban", The Bridge, December 1, 2015.

Pivoting From Pakistan. When President Ghani took office he made a deliberate effort to revitalize the Afghan- Pakistan relationship . . . but it wasn't reciprocated. Now it would appear he is reaching out to India at the risk of weakening ties with Pakistan. Read more in "Ghani's Pivot Away From Pakistan", by Shawn Snow, Foreign Policy, November 25, 2015.

Fighting a War in a Land-Locked Country Like Afghanistan. A U.S. Air Force C-17 aircraft commander provides his perspective on the difficulties of fighting a war in a country that is remote and bordered by less than reliable allies. His paper describes exactly how difficult it is to get the Pakistan government to stop its support of the Taliban given the overflight requirements needed to prosecute the war. "Pakistan Catch-22: The Trouble with Wars in Landlocked Countries", The Bridge, December 2, 2015.

Fractured Taliban? Tamim Hamid provides us with an explanation of the current state of the Taliban leadership in "A Divided Taliban Explained", Tolo News, December 3, 2015.

Corruption Hindering the Fight. Corruption in Afghanistan has had a corrosive impact on military operations. It undermines the legitimacy of the Afghan government, provides fodder for recruitment into the Taliban (and ISIS), and has rendered ineffective the Afghan National Police (and to a lesser degree the Afghan National Army). The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) undermined its own objective of creating security in the country with its initial inattention to the problem. Read "How Corruption Undermines NATO Operations", Defense One, December 2, 2015.

Kagan on Afghanistan. Fred Kagan of the American Enterprise Institute and a observer of the Afghan conflict provides his thoughts on what the US needs to do in Afghanistan. He sees the insurgent groups gaining more territory and capability as time goes on and a weak ANDSF that is seeing its international support slowly diminish. He advocates for more US troops and expanded authorities for those currently stationed there. He believes that the appropriate troop level is likely around 20,000 to 30,000. Read The Afghanistan Conundrum: How Should the US Approach the Rise of Insurgent Groups?, AEI, December 2, 2015.

French COIN. The vast majority of our senior level general officers would like to put the counterinsurgency years of Iraq and Afghanistan behind us - well, . . . they can't. COIN is not going away. While folks are painting the conflict in Syria and Iraq with ISIS as counterterrorism there is still many aspects of the fight that is a counterinsurgency. And in Afghanistan, the Afghan security forces are conducting counterinsurgency (while U.S. and NATO advisors busy themselves with advising the Afghan security institutions and corps-level organizations on 'systems', 'functions', and 'processes'). Many U.S. "COIN experts" draw upon the experiences of the French pacification of Algeria for 'lessons learned'. In particular, they read the tracts provided to us by two noted French officers - David Galula and Roger Trinquier. However, one student of French strategy suggests that a truer picture of the French COIN effort in Algeria can be gained by digging deeper into French military historical writings. Read "Myth-Busting French Counterinsurgency", by Terrence Peterson, War on the Rocks, December 3, 2015.

Is the U.S. Army's Personnel System Broke? YES! A 1LT who spent two years studying at Oxford instead of holding standard military jobs expected of junior officers was almost forced out of the Army. Besides being a Rhodes Scholar he was at the top of his ROTC class. And although over 90% of his peers were getting promoted he was being left behind. Read more about some of the systemic problems the Army's personnel bureaucracy is experiencing in "First Steps Towards the Force of the Future", War on the Rocks, December 1, 2015.

PowerPoint in Armored Vehicles - Really? OMG, so it finally happened. The Army's officers have figured out a way to display PowerPoint slides in an armored. Trust me - this is not a good thing. My experience with creating PowerPoint slides to convey a message to senior level officers is that the font type, size, and color is much more important than the content. Read "This armored vehicle lets you use PowerPoint on the battlefield", The Washington Post, December 1, 2015. For more info see "I Corps validates new mobile command post proof-of-concept", www.army.mil, November 29, 2015.

All Military Occupations Open to Women - SECDEF. Ash Carter, the Secretary of Defense, announced that beginning in January 2016, all military occupations and positions will be open to women, without exception. This includes all units and organizations in the infantry and in special operations. So far in 2015 two women passed the very tough Ranger Course at Fort Benning; perhaps we will see some women enter Special Forces training at Fort Bragg in 2016. Let's hope that a advance in "fairness" and "political correctness" will not result in the implementation of quotas, a lowering of standards, the erosion of unit cohesiveness, and a decrease in combat effectiveness. Read more in "Carter Opens all Military Occupations, Positions to Women", DoD News Release, December 3, 2015.

Women in the Marine Corps Infantry? RAND Corporation conducted a study for the U.S. Marine Corps that reviewed the literature on the integration of women in combat units, conducted interviews with members of organizations with physically demanding occupations, estimated the costs of potential initiatives to promote successful gender integration, and develop an approach for monitoring implementation of gender integration of the infantry. Read "Implications of Integrating Women into the Marine Corps Infantry", Rand Corporation, November 2015.

Women in Ground Combat Units? A doctor very familiar with sports science adds his voice to this topic. Read "Sports Science, Physiology, and the Debate over Women in Ground Combat Units", by Dr. Paul O. Davis, War on the Rocks, December 1, 2015.

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Video - 789th EOD to Deploy to Afghanistan

The 789th Explosive Ordinance Disposal Company from Fort Benning, GA will deploy to Afghanistan to advise and assist the Afghan EOD units, and also to provide support for US military Soldiers active in the region. A news video depicting their departure is posted on YouTube by the Ledger Enquirer. (2 mins long).
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3i07qVJKKx8

Under-Vehicle Threat Protection System

The use of IEDs along and underneath roadways in Afghanistan (and Iraq) has caused many casualties; even with vehicles with armor plating on the sides and underneath. Many injuries occur when the vehicles and their passengers are tossed up and slammed down by a blast. Read about new technology that may prevent those types of injuries in "US Army Evaluating Under-Vehicle Threat Protection System", Defense News, November 4, 2014.

Night Eagle System Services Extended for Afghanistan

The Department of Defense is extending the use of the Night Eagle system in Afghanistan for an additional year (ending December 25, 2015). A contract modification was awarded to Leidos, Inc. to the tune of almost $14 million for the Night Eagle counter-improvised explosive device detection system. Read more below.

"Leidos, Inc., Reston, Virginia, was awarded a $13,848,212 modification (P00015) to cost-plus-fixed-fee contract W909MY-12-C-0046 to extend services for the Night Eagle counter-improvised explosive device detection system operating in Afghanistan. Services include logistics, hardware/software maintenance, flight operations, and the associated facility and system support. Fiscal 2014 operations and maintenance (Army) funds in the amount of $13,848,212 were obligated at the time of the award. Work will be performed in Afghanistan; United Arab Emirates; Germany; Reston, Virginia; Las Vegas, Nevada; San Diego, California; Santa Rosa, California; Silver Springs, Maryland; Princeton, New Jersey; and Bridgewater, Virginia, with an estimated completion date of Dec. 25, 2015. Army Contracting Command, Fort Belvoir Division, Alexandria, Virginia, is the contracting activity."

Information from U.S. Department of Defense Press Operations, No. CR-185-14, September 25, 2014
www.defense.gov/Contracts/Contract.aspx?ContractID=5384

Information on Night Eagle can be found on the Global Security website
www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/night-eagle.htm

C-IED Training for ANSF in RC South

Members of the Afghan National Army's 2nd Brigade, 205th Corps in Regional Command South recently completed two courses on Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) topics. One course was on hand-held mine detection equipment and techniques and the second course was on explosive hazard reduction and containment. The presence of IEDs on the battlefield are a major concern of those remaining International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) units still traveling the roads and the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). The course that ran at Camp Eagle, Afghanistan in January 2014 will help the ANSF become more capable in defeating an enemy tactic that represents over 50% of the ANSF casualties in this long-running insurgency against the Afghan government. Read more on the C-IED courses recently conducted at Camp Eagle in "ANA train to defeat Taliban's most deadly weapon: the IED", DVIDS, February 16, 2014. (Photo by CPL Clay Beyersdorfer, Jan 14, RC South).

Video Interview on SFAAT Advisor - ANA and C-IED Training

DVIDS has released a video of Captain Rober Soriano, 2nd Battalion, 2nd Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division being interviewed on C-IED training for the ANA. CPT Soriano serves as an engineer advisor as part of a Security Force Assistance Advisor Team for the ANA 2nd Brigade, 205th Corps. The use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have dramatically influenced the course of the Afghan conflict. IEDs cause over 50% of the casualties of the Afghan National Security Forces. You can view the video here.

IED Training in Ghazni

Members of the Afghan National Security Forces graduated from an Explosive Hazardous Reduction Course or EHRC in Gelan district, Ghazni province. The ANA and ALP members from Muqor district completed the 11-day course designed to teach security forces how to identify and disarm various types of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The threat of IEDs remains high in Afghanistan and over 50% of ANSF casualties are from IEDs. (source info from "Afghan forces complete counter IED training in Ghazni", DVIDS, February 7, 2014.).

Explosive Hazardous Reduction Course (EHRC)

Photo by Bill Mesta -CJSOT-A

Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) cause over 50% of the casualties for the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). To counter the IED threat members of the ANSF attend a course called the Explosive Hazardous Reduction Course (EHRC). The course provides Afghan forces with a working knowledge of how to neutralize an IED threat in areas where they work, live, and fight. The EHRC consists of classroom instruction and practical field exercises that strengthen skills in locating bombs on the battlefield and destroying or defusing different types of IEDs used in the region. Learn more about the EHRC in this news release entitled "Afghan National Security Forces complete training on destroying IEDs", DVIDS, January 13, 2014.

Video - Hawaiian Advisory Team Helps Afghan Police in Counter-IED Techniques

A video has been released by DVIDS which features a SFAAT from the Hawaiian National Guard deployed in Afghanistan assisting the ANP in counter-IED training. The advisory team was assisting the Qalat Reserve Kandak of Zabul province. View the video, produced March 16, 2013, here.

Video - Counter IED School in Afghanistan

The Afghan Army's Counter-IED school is located in northern Afghanistan. The school has been slowly transitioning the instruction from ISAF trainers and civilian contract instructors to ANA instructors. Watch a video with more info on the Afghan National Army (ANA) taking the lead at the C-IED school at the link below.

www.dvidshub.net/video/282779/cied-school-long-version